Economic costs of bias-based bullying.

Reaping what we sow: the costs of bullying.

Economic costs of minor depression: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE Although the clinical relevance of minor depression has been demonstrated in many studies, the economic costs are not well explored. In this study, we examine the economic costs of minor depression. METHOD In a large-scale, population-based study in the Netherlands (n = 5504) the costs of minor depression were compared with the costs of major depression and dysthymia. Excess costs, ...

The Costs of Economic Growth

The benefits of economic growth are widely touted in the literature. But what about the costs? Pollution, nuclear accidents, global warming, the rapid global transmission of disease, and bioengineered viruses are just some of the dangers created by technological change. How should these be weighed against the benefits, and in particular, how does the recognition of these costs affect the theory...

Economic costs of abdominal obesity.

BACKGROUND To examine the relationship between waist circumference and future health care costs across a broad range of waist circumference values based on individual level data. METHOD A prospective cohort of 31,840 subjects aged 50-64 years at baseline had health status, lifestyle and socio-economic aspects assessed at entry. Individual data on health care consumption and associated costs w...

On the epistemic costs of implicit bias

The Central Intelligence Agency’s Psychology of Intelligence Analysis (Heuer 1999) provides concise and practical summaries of recent work in cognitive psychology using real-world examples intended to help CIA agents perform their daily activities more effectively. Its 12th chapter—‘‘Biases in Estimating Probabilities’’—describes a number of widely-discussed findings from the heuristics and bia...